What role does a transformer play in electrical systems?

A transformer is a critical component in electrical systems, and its primary role is to step up or step down voltage levels. This function is essential for efficient power distribution. In electrical power systems, high voltages are used for transmission over long distances to minimize losses due to resistance in the wires. However, in order to use the electricity safely in homes and businesses, it must be transformed to lower voltages.

By using a transformer, the voltage can be increased (stepped up) for transmission and then decreased (stepped down) at substations or before entering residential areas. This ability to alter voltage levels ensures that energy can be transported efficiently and used safely across various applications.

The other options describe functions that do not directly relate to the fundamental operation of transformers. Amplifying audio signals pertains to audio equipment, connecting devices to the internet relates to networking technology, and protecting against power surges involves surge protectors or circuit breakers, none of which cover the essential role of a transformer in voltage regulation and distribution.