What is the primary function of a router in networking?

The primary function of a router in networking is to forward data packets between networks. Routers operate at the network layer of the OSI model, where they determine the most efficient path for data to travel from the source to the destination across multiple networks. By examining the destination IP address of incoming data packets, routers manage traffic and ensure that information reaches the intended recipient efficiently, even if that recipient is on a separate network segment.

This capability is fundamental for the Internet and other interconnected networks, as routers enable communication between different IP networks, allowing for data exchange and connectivity across diverse systems. The role of a router extends beyond just forwarding packets, as it can also facilitate functions like network address translation (NAT), traffic management, and provide security features, but its core task remains the transmission of data packets across network boundaries.